隨著科技的不斷進(jìn)步,第六代移動通信技術(shù)(6G)已成為未來通信領(lǐng)域的研究熱點之一。另一方面,在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用正在迅速發(fā)展。為給物聯(lián)網(wǎng)及其他領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展鋪平道路,“第六代(6G)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其相關(guān)技術(shù)趨勢的研究近年來受到學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注。”[2]
"目前,學(xué)界主要聚焦于探討6G在潛在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的廣泛應(yīng)用,主要包括醫(yī)療物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、車載物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與自動駕駛、無人機(jī)、衛(wèi)星物聯(lián)網(wǎng)以及工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)幾個方面?!盵3]值得關(guān)注的是,6G與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的結(jié)合將進(jìn)一步推動醫(yī)療物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,有助于大大提高醫(yī)療水平、效率、普及程度,以及人民的健康水平和福祉。本文將主要選取6G與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的相關(guān)研究論文進(jìn)行翻譯,期望以較為淺顯易懂的語言向大眾普及6G與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的知識。我們將試圖探討6G技術(shù)在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)用中帶來的新興機(jī)遇以及挑戰(zhàn),從而更好地將6G和醫(yī)療物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相結(jié)合,為人民創(chuàng)造更大的福祉。
01
6G for Healthcare Internet of Things
用于醫(yī)療保健物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的 6G
The integration of 6G will revolutionize HIoT by using its enabling technologies. The work in a paper discussed the potential use of 6G technologies, such as mURLLC and THz communications for supporting extremely low-latency healthcare data transmission and accelerating medical network connections between wearables and remote doctors.
應(yīng)用6G技術(shù)后,6G 的融合將徹底改變醫(yī)療物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。我們參考的文獻(xiàn)對6G 技術(shù)的潛在應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了討論,如運用巨型超可靠低延時通信(mURLLC) 和太赫茲通信支持極低延遲的醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,以及為可穿戴設(shè)備與遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)生之間的醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接提速。
事實上,在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域(如遠(yuǎn)程健康監(jiān)測),有低延遲通信(低于 1 毫秒)和高于 99.999% 的可靠性要求,以實現(xiàn)近乎實時的健康服務(wù)和快速可靠的遠(yuǎn)程診斷。有趣的是,“6G 機(jī)器人技術(shù)可應(yīng)用于遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù),遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)生可通過機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)為病人進(jìn)行手術(shù),延遲時間僅為毫秒,可靠性高?!盵4]
To solve the slow healthcare response rates, UAVs are employed as relays to transport light-weight healthcare items, such as medicines and surgical tools among hospitals in emergent situations, which helps avoid road-traffic congestions and, thus, mitigates data exchange latency. Meanwhile, to achieve future requirements in terms of ultrahigh data rates of medical data communications, the mURLLC technology is an ideal solution by using the THz bands in 6G-based healthcare networks.
為解決醫(yī)療響應(yīng)速度慢的問題,無人機(jī)充當(dāng)繼電器,負(fù)責(zé)在緊急情況下穿梭于各醫(yī)院運送藥品和手術(shù)工具等輕型醫(yī)療物品;這能避免道路交通擁擠,從而減少數(shù)據(jù)交換延遲。同時,mURLLC 技術(shù)基于 6G醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò),使用太赫茲頻段,能完美實現(xiàn)未來醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)通信對于超高數(shù)據(jù)速率的要求。
由此,納米設(shè)備、植入物和體外傳感器可以與邊緣設(shè)備或云中心進(jìn)行實時通信和傳輸數(shù)據(jù),用于短期和長期醫(yī)療分析,并具有極高的可靠性和適配性。特別是,mURLLC 在醫(yī)院遠(yuǎn)程治療中也發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,醫(yī)生可以利用由 6G 核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)的醫(yī)療機(jī)器人和輔助設(shè)備提供的實時視頻直播,遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控和管理手術(shù)過程。
此外,基于 6G 的 URLLC 已被用于加速未來醫(yī)療互聯(lián)救護(hù)車的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。這種救護(hù)車可以以中等速度(高達(dá) 100 公里/小時)向醫(yī)院的臨床醫(yī)生和醫(yī)務(wù)人員發(fā)送具有高彩色分辨率的實時視頻直播,幫助做出正確診斷。例如,臨床檢查的腦電圖數(shù)據(jù)可在救護(hù)車上進(jìn)行,通過基于URLLC的實時遠(yuǎn)程會診,醫(yī)院醫(yī)生能夠?qū)茸o(hù)車上的醫(yī)務(wù)人員進(jìn)行緊急指示。在這種情況下,雖然救護(hù)車可以高速行駛,但極短存活時間(低于 2 毫秒)同樣可以保證。
圖片源自Microsoft Bing
02
Research Challenges and Future Directions
研究挑戰(zhàn)與未來方向
我們將重點介紹幾個有趣的研究挑戰(zhàn),并指出 6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)未來可能的發(fā)展方向。
1. Security and Privacy in 6G-IoT
6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全與隱私問題
the integration of 6G into IoT networks may be vulnerable to threats related to wireless interface attacks, such as unauthorized access to data at computing units/servers, threats to integrity in the access network infrastructure, and Denial of Service (DoS) to software and data centers .
6G 與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的結(jié)合可能容易受到有關(guān)無線接口攻擊的威脅,如未經(jīng)授權(quán)訪問計算單元/服務(wù)器上的數(shù)據(jù)、威脅接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的完整性以及拒絕為軟件和數(shù)據(jù)中心服務(wù)。
2. Energy Efficiency in 6G-IoT
6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的能源效率
In future 6G-based IoT networks, how to achieve high energy efficiency is a major concern. The data communications and service delivery services, e.g., vehicular data sharing in autonomous driving, packet delivery in the space with UAV communications, requires significant energy resources to ensure the network operations.
在未來基于 6G 的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,如何實現(xiàn)高效能是一個重要問題。數(shù)據(jù)通信和服務(wù)交付服務(wù),如自動駕駛中的車輛數(shù)據(jù)共享、無人機(jī)通信中的空間數(shù)據(jù)包交付等,都需要大量的能源資源以確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)運行。
3. Hardware Constraints of IoT Devices
6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)受硬件限制
The hardware constraint of IoT devices is another possible challenge in communications and computations 6G-based IoT networks. For example, in intelligent 6G-based healthcare, wearable sensors and mobile devices should be able to simultaneously run AI functions to achieve edge intelligence and implement data transmission with URLLC. Due to the constraints of hardware, memory, and power resources, certain IoT sensors cannot meet the corresponding computational requirements.
物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備的硬件限制是基于 6G 的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在通信和計算方面可能面臨的另一挑戰(zhàn)。例如,在基于6G的智能醫(yī)療中,可穿戴傳感器和移動設(shè)備應(yīng)能同時運行人工智能功能以實現(xiàn)邊緣智能,并通過 URLLC 實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。由于硬件、內(nèi)存和電力資源的限制,某些物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器無法滿足相應(yīng)的計算要求。
4. Standard Specifications for 6G-IoT
6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范
The emergence of 6G technologies potentially transforms the shape of IoT markets and revolutionizes the IoT ecosystems with advanced wireless networking features. However, the development of 6G-IoT systems requires stringent standard specifications that calls the collaboration of all business stakeholders, such as network operators, services providers, and customers. The lack of system standards can hinder the deployment of 6G functions and technologies in customer IoT systems.
6G 技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)有可能改變物聯(lián)網(wǎng)市場的形態(tài),并利用先進(jìn)的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能徹底改變物聯(lián)網(wǎng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。然而,6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)需要嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范,需網(wǎng)絡(luò)運營商、服務(wù)提供商和客戶等所有商業(yè)利益相關(guān)者的通力合作。缺乏系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會阻礙客戶物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中運行的 6G 功能和技術(shù)。
下圖將對比5G和6G網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)特征,幫助讀者加深理解。
圖源自論文6G Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey | IEEE
Research on 6G-IoT networks and applications is still in its infancy. This being said, it is envisioned that 6G will transform the current IoT network infrastructures and bring new levels of service quality and user experience in the future applications. We believe our timely work will shed valuable light on the research of the 6G-IoT integration topics as well as motivate researchers and stakeholders to augment the research efforts in this promising area.
有關(guān) 6G 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)用的研究仍處于萌芽階段。盡管如此,可以想象的是,6G 將改變當(dāng)前的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,并在未來的應(yīng)用中將服務(wù)質(zhì)量和用戶體驗提升到新高度。我們相信,我們抓住時機(jī),及時行動,將會讓6G+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)集成課題的研究受惠,并激勵研究人員和利益相關(guān)者更有動力研究這一前景廣闊的領(lǐng)域。
智慧醫(yī)療網(wǎng) ? 2022 版權(quán)所有 ICP備案號:滬ICP備17004559號-5